https://jrwaine.com Portfolio - Jack Ryan Waine Wed, 12 Mar 2025 16:05:31 +0000 https://jrwaine.com en https://jrwaine.com/About Fri, 28 Feb 2020 03:53:37 +0000 Portfolio - Jack Ryan Waine https://jrwaine.com/About Bio Jack is an architect, sound artist, and DJ based in Brooklyn, exploring the relationships between space, materiality, and sound. With seven years of experience in architecture, he has worked on affordable housing, public schools, and institutional buildings, focusing on projects that shape the built environment with social and spatial awareness. His background in anthropology informs his approach, allowing him to critically analyze how people interact with space, both physically and sonically. In his sound art practice, Jack investigates the hidden resonances of architectural materials, revealing the ways in which they interact with their surroundings. Drawing from Pauline Oliveros’ Deep Listening, his work challenges perceptions of inert structures, treating them as active sonic bodies that shape and are shaped by vibration. By capturing and manipulating these often-overlooked acoustic properties, he transforms the built environment into a site of sonic exploration. As a DJ, Jack aka keenus brings his spatial sensibilities into the realm of techno, crafting immersive sonic experiences that blend hypnotic rhythms, atmospheric textures, and deep, driving basslines. He is the host of Go To Bed on KPISS.fm, a late-night exploration of ambient, downtempo, and field recordings designed to guide listeners into meditative states. His recent mix ‘Resonance’ was featured on NTS, contemplating death and rebirth through grief, celebration and a grounding in our natural environment.&nbsp; Jack is also a co-creator of Steamroom, a sauna techno rave where sweat, steam, and sound merge into a communal, sensory experience. Through his work—whether in architecture, sound art, or DJing—he seeks to dissolve the boundaries between body, space, and sound, creating environments that are both immersive and transformative.&nbsp; EducationM.A. in Anthropology, The New School 2023B.Arch, Pratt Institute 2018 Work Project Lead, ESKW/Architects 2025-Present Intermediate Architect, BDP 2023-2024 Job Captain, Garrison Architects 2022-2023Intermediate Architect, CTA Architects 2018-2021Editor, Pratt Journal of Architecture 2014-2018Intern Architect, CTA Architects 2016-2018Research Assistant to Meredith TenHoor, Pratt Institute 2017Gallery Assistant, Pratt Institute 2015-2016 PublicationsRE:Making Pratt Journal of Architecture 2016 AwardsExcellence in Academic Achievement, Pratt Institute 2018 Fred L. Liebmann Book Award, New York Society of Architects 2014International Merit Scholarship, Goldberg Scholarship, Stabile Endowed Scholarship Pratt Institute Various Years Download Full CV Download Portfolio https://jrwaine.com/Cuvry-Brache-1 Wed, 12 Mar 2025 15:46:56 +0000 Portfolio - Jack Ryan Waine https://jrwaine.com/Cuvry-Brache-1 Cuvry-Brache Markethalle and Refugee Housing with Ashley Katz Berlin, DE 2017 Prof. Deborah GansRefugee autonomy and co-operative self assembly drive the architecture and organization of the market. Degrees of privacy weave the site into programmatic zones. Through the market newly settled refugees join gentrifying and established residents as creators and contributors of Kreuzberg’s fluid identity. <img width="4285" height="2836" width_o="4285" height_o="2836" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/08eb8d812241508556a65ae9cb7d633fb81f4b592c8379c6615ce7c338843b30/Untitled-2.png" data-mid="228107035" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/08eb8d812241508556a65ae9cb7d633fb81f4b592c8379c6615ce7c338843b30/Untitled-2.png" /> <img width="9600" height="4800" width_o="9600" height_o="4800" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/af59b25929061e31b17da1264edaa9fe5fc822bd08535dd0ed7ce3fcfa66cd97/plan-01-with-people.png" data-mid="228107034" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/af59b25929061e31b17da1264edaa9fe5fc822bd08535dd0ed7ce3fcfa66cd97/plan-01-with-people.png" /><img width="14400" height="7200" width_o="14400" height_o="7200" 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In order to engage with food in a mindful way we must align our minds and our body with the universe, becoming resonate, integral, and non-incidental. Pratt kitchen is a machine to attune the body to the systems of everything. <img width="7680" height="3072" width_o="7680" height_o="3072" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/69fc087aa477664876f886bf793c27467ee2de674a80b358440d8a1a73e3bdd9/401-final-for-portfolio_Page_1.png" data-mid="228106735" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/69fc087aa477664876f886bf793c27467ee2de674a80b358440d8a1a73e3bdd9/401-final-for-portfolio_Page_1.png" /> <img width="5100" height="3300" width_o="5100" height_o="3300" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/d366bfa053c1021f27dd4c5fb25599b2734ab22cbe62760524ee1ff809cc9232/presentation_Page_01.jpg" data-mid="228106731" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/d366bfa053c1021f27dd4c5fb25599b2734ab22cbe62760524ee1ff809cc9232/presentation_Page_01.jpg" /><img width="5100" height="3300" width_o="5100" height_o="3300" 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height="2550" width_o="3301" height_o="2550" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/009c8b54fb90baa3dc9170bb02d6df6efc8d571da02d339054b239321921c0b4/layout-21.png" data-mid="228106900" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/009c8b54fb90baa3dc9170bb02d6df6efc8d571da02d339054b239321921c0b4/layout-21.png" /><img width="3301" height="2551" width_o="3301" height_o="2551" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/7c5deaaf86100f7dc01780b5b3cde87fedb539740d31c70d034f7908e31de09e/layout-15.png" data-mid="228106887" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/7c5deaaf86100f7dc01780b5b3cde87fedb539740d31c70d034f7908e31de09e/layout-15.png" /> <img width="12000" height="4800" width_o="12000" height_o="4800" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8b840d63231881f4aa0d4d22693e4eb272af20876d4af027a41cbaed5e983a7a/site-all-2.jpg" data-mid="228106876" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8b840d63231881f4aa0d4d22693e4eb272af20876d4af027a41cbaed5e983a7a/site-all-2.jpg" /> https://jrwaine.com/ARZ-1 Wed, 12 Mar 2025 15:52:35 +0000 Portfolio - Jack Ryan Waine https://jrwaine.com/ARZ-1 Architecture Reading Zone with Ann Chai Brooklyn, NY 2016-2017Prof. Lawrence Blough and Meredith TenHoor The Higgins Hall Architecture and Planning Reading Room will be a space for students to browse, study, and discover important publications, ideas, sites, and buildings. Hosted by the Pratt Libraries in collaboration with the School of Architecture, and located in the Rear Gallery of Higgins Hall, the reading room will offer a rotating collection of curated books, periodicals, and digital materials. We hope to use this space to showcase and enhance the culture of the school by infusing it with ideas from our field and others, and to offer students a chance to contemplate and discuss new ideas outside of their studios, and to expose students to materials housed in Pratt’s Main Library. <img width="2200" height="1700" width_o="2200" height_o="1700" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/f34565a3082a73192940fc8ed79dcce91d62122e5f33532d392d6b6d4b15c073/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_05.png" data-mid="228107279" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/f34565a3082a73192940fc8ed79dcce91d62122e5f33532d392d6b6d4b15c073/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_05.png" /> <img width="2200" height="1700" width_o="2200" height_o="1700" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/cda92b7b44f59ff9cce82f1feb2161f9c37094ba15d8f65c1a449d871d7c62b8/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_06.png" data-mid="228107280" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/cda92b7b44f59ff9cce82f1feb2161f9c37094ba15d8f65c1a449d871d7c62b8/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_06.png" /> <img width="2200" height="1700" width_o="2200" height_o="1700" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/4f0c9eb47aba91ec77f8c61993e816701f0e6e0b5bb1120817d0603d3e44e710/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_07.png" data-mid="228107285" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/4f0c9eb47aba91ec77f8c61993e816701f0e6e0b5bb1120817d0603d3e44e710/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_07.png" /> <img width="2200" height="1700" width_o="2200" height_o="1700" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/77d98795ecc9bbfc02f74183b534a5509a920b9ebe9bd9c1964e52b7384a000b/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_08.png" data-mid="228107281" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/77d98795ecc9bbfc02f74183b534a5509a920b9ebe9bd9c1964e52b7384a000b/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_08.png" /> <img width="2200" height="1700" width_o="2200" height_o="1700" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/66b96c27162dc1049e9d8e530fe749b88e0c311c6801d2f895417dcf239545e7/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_09.png" data-mid="228107282" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/66b96c27162dc1049e9d8e530fe749b88e0c311c6801d2f895417dcf239545e7/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_09.png" /><img width="2200" height="1700" width_o="2200" height_o="1700" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/404359e2c216474b91fb9176a878a8d134c3fe21f375b563469b408443cf4a8e/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_10.png" data-mid="228107284" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/404359e2c216474b91fb9176a878a8d134c3fe21f375b563469b408443cf4a8e/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_10.png" /><img width="2200" height="1700" width_o="2200" height_o="1700" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e84164e2018ff324c26f48eaf5c6469a47b8c194aca588fe2efca1f06cfa0db3/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_12.png" data-mid="228107283" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/e84164e2018ff324c26f48eaf5c6469a47b8c194aca588fe2efca1f06cfa0db3/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_12.png" /><img width="2200" height="1700" width_o="2200" height_o="1700" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/91ab8a1670c4cef12c717104df18b9de0b7c7d359c87ba91a2379d893ceaad02/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_11.png" data-mid="228107278" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/91ab8a1670c4cef12c717104df18b9de0b7c7d359c87ba91a2379d893ceaad02/Library-inFormation_Admin-Present_10.16.17_Page_11.png" /> https://jrwaine.com/Concrete Wed, 12 Mar 2025 13:39:40 +0000 Portfolio - Jack Ryan Waine https://jrwaine.com/Concrete “Concrete” is a 5 minute long recording of concrete in silence. Architectural theorist and historian Adrian Forty writes “concrete is often regarded as a dumb or stupid material, more associated with death than life.”1 This project is a rejection of this sentiment. Concrete is active and alive. For the project I wanted to capture the essence of the material, the ways it interacts with its surroundings, and the impact of its material qualities. To create the recording, I embedded a microphone into a 12” x 6” x 4” block of concrete. The microphone is hooked up to a vibration speaker playing the recorded sound back into the material. The result is the sound of silence as it filters2 through the block interacting with the resonant qualities3 of the material. “Concrete” is the recording of concrete embodying its sonic properties. 1 Adrian Forty, Concrete and Culture (London: Reaktion Books Ltd, 2012), 9. 2&nbsp;Jean-Francois Augoyard and Henry Torgue, Sonic Experience: A Guide to Everyday Sounds, trans. Andra McCartney&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; and David Paquette (Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 2005), 48. 3 Augoyard and Torgue, Sonic Experience, 99. https://jrwaine.com/DUMBO-1 Wed, 12 Mar 2025 13:52:10 +0000 Portfolio - Jack Ryan Waine https://jrwaine.com/DUMBO-1 A series of field recordings taken in DUMBO, Brooklyn are used to create the 2:00 composition. “DUMBO” captures the soundscape of the neighbourhood, from the nature filled parks and busy waterways, to the tourists and the resonating frequencies of the Manhattan Bridge archway. https://jrwaine.com/Sonic Sun, 05 Dec 2021 21:18:08 +0000 Portfolio - Jack Ryan Waine https://jrwaine.com/Sonic Buildings, Building Materials and the Soundscape of New York City About the Project Pauline Oliveros writes, "sounds carry intelligence" (Oliveros 2005, xxv). We all know the sound of footsteps on hardwood floor or the sound of a car rolling over concrete, but do we know what something sounds like when it isn’t making any noise? The project proposes that knowledge can be derived from listening to a material’s rendering of sonic artifacts. Do I know a material by tapping on it, or can I know it by listening to my words bounce off it? In The Soundscape Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World, Murray Schafer writes that "many of the most unique keynote sounds are produced by the materials available in different geographical locals" (1994, 58). The Keynote "is the note that identifies the key or tonality of a particular composition" where the keynote sounds of a landscape are those created by its geography" (Ibid. 9). Schafer, the founder of the World Soundscape Project and creator of the neologism "soundscape," identifies a sonic artifact's impetus through the original material's vibrations. An example of a keynote's sonic properties is Michael Gordon's Timber . Though integral to a sonic artifact, the keynote is not the only quality that shapes the soundscape and acts on the ‘Humanoid Alien’ (Schulze 2018, 5). The ‘Humanoid Alien’ overlays morals onto soundscapes (Schafer 1994, 216). For Schafer, this was a central tenant of the World Soundscape Project, to hash out the lo-fi sounds, to increase the quality of our corporeal existence (Novak 2015, 198). It is from the phenomenological perspective that acoustic ecology has evolved. Schulze describes a soundscape indirectly as "sound sources, resonances, and repercussions" (Schulze 2018, 121). It is resonance and the reverberation of resonant frequencies subject to inquiry. The material environment is the object. How does the city present itself through its materiality? Standing in the city street, you can listen to buildings. They vibrate under the pressure of the sound sources, reflecting and reverberating off them. Jian Kang touches upon the "street canyon" as a scene for mapping "geometrically reflecting boundaries" (Kang 2007, 107). Kang's "microscale acoustic modelling" has been used by researchers to analyze the impact of building material, mass, and ornamentation on sound pressure at the street level (Thomas 2013, 3). Parameters for the study were "the height of the facades, width of the street canyon (distance between the facades), the absorption coefficient of the facades, the degree of diffusion for reflections from the facades, and the source and receiver position" (Ibid. 4). The sonic impact of the built environment is an equation. Though not a scientific case study, the repository proposes reflections on the differences in building morphology, typology, and materiality. Can the equations of sound pressure resonate through our bodies through deep listening? The repository is a platform to listen and think about the connections between our material landscape and the soundscapes they inhabit. I encourage you to look through Barry Traux’s Handbook for Acoustic Ecology for definitions and technical terminology. The Act of Listening The repository reflects on our material landscape, and it is an attempt to understand our built environment from alternative methods of knowledge production. Though materials contain sonic properties that can be expressed irrespective of human interpretation (see Thomas 2013), we are limited to our corporeal observations. I am proposing to listen to the materials through what Pauline Oliveros calls “Deep Listening” (2015, xxiii). “Deep Listening is a practice that is intended to heighten and expand consciousness of sound in as many dimensions of awareness and attentional dynamics as humanly possible.” (Ibid. xxiii). Oliveros makes a clear distinction between hearing and listening, “to hear is the physical means that enables perception. To listen is to give attention to what is perceived both acoustically and psychologically” (Ibid. xxii). Before listening through the repository, I propose performing the below activity from Oliveros’ book Deep Listening A composer’s Sound Practice. Breath Regulation Inhale through the nose for a count of 6. Hold for the count of 4. Keep the throat relaxed. Exhale through a small aperture of the lips with a sub vocalization of the syllable ‘hahhhh’ for the count of 8. Relax and wait for the count of 4 and repeat the cycle. Sub vocalization of ‘hahhhh’ restricts the epiglottis and helps direct energy to the lower abdomen. (Ibid. 10) Deep Listening by Pauline Oliveros, Stuart Dempster, and Panaiotis. Map of New York City Noise Pollution Research into the sonic environment often originates from the correlation between sound pollution and our health. The New York City soundscape often crosses the line of acceptable white noise to become a sonic irritant. Though this is not where this project lies, I touch on it since the materiality of the built environment is “close to acoustically rigid” (Thomas 2013, 3). Material rigidity, such as stone, brick and terracotta, contribute to the increased sound pressure level, or decibels, in a ‘street canyon.’ Below are maps created using the Department of Transportation’s National Transportation Atlas Database. The data suggests the level of noise pollution caused by vehicular traffic, though it lacks the nuances of the street canyon. As keynotes of our industrialized society (much to Schafer’s dismay), the car has significantly impacted our aural health. As no coherent dataset on noise pollution links the intricacies of the urban environment to the increased sound pressure, the maps below provide insight into how city planning can lead to raised areas of exposure. Noise Pollution - New York City <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/284151dd3da4778d502fc84b0757ee9cc2fec6f932819ec90cd8559b5e8ccb80/MAPS-1_6.png"> Noise Pollution By Borough <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/2adaf9b5381dea193f02d04c16a0b8a1bf464624d561079251827facddaca6a8/MAPS-1_2.png"> <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/d81956673d93631f0bbb7606a64c3b096fabde231a97baa98e4e6cfed64c398f/MAPS-1.png"> <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/6695b33c62bb31e9464fe4303ffed49c76661a23b6541c35954a03f567706483/MAPS-1_4.png"> <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/d98a320ff91ce07d592cc905723d0f8fcb5a6b324c4acf0dd1ab122ab868a674/MAPS-1_3.png"> <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/448a1395cdef21e8b02d2ae977572b6d525b67bb502426529319439da115f5f6/MAPS-1_5.png"> City Zoning One's exposure to noise pollution directly relates to the urban fabric. City zoning laws, the regulation of building use and bulk (height and massing) create groups of building with similar qualities. In some cases, zoning deliberately forms "street canyons" by dictating street-facing elevations must align with their neighbour's. Depending on the year of the building, a 20-story tower may be bonded brick (a single mass) on a steel frame, or it could be a glass curtain wall. Each building, in theory, should have similar massing qualities, and it is the material that drives the changing soundscape block by block. In the project, I look at several discrete zoning districts C6-9, C5-5, R10 R6/R6B and Parks. How can knowing the qualities of these zoning districts allow us to listen deeply to the materials? And what does this tell us about our urban soundscapes? A zoning diagram for an R6 District <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/800/i/fa17ec0723d2ddabc6322f7645d9324f2a8ffc0bbb1c4f2b23d660f01ecfc567/r6_diagram.jpeg"> A zoning diagram for a R10 District <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/800/i/5342bb09fbba24c8e1fa93d2210a38936b6144d9e6f0c2ff2f51539b0989f3ff/r10_diagram.jpeg"> Filming LocationsCarroll Gardens/ Cobble HillZoning Map 16c <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/f63efbdcedae3f7ea6e41e41156bd3abb27c18e188504215913304775bf41926/Artboard-16c.jpg"> Financial DistrictZoning Map 12b <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/5820e29ad87e8e1acfd339ca0051b906e0fc3b5572feebbd6e8f6a69709bc441/Artboard-12B.jpg"> Washington SquareZoning Map 12c <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/a5ffb6d30b385ee47a0c8a7879520829533f276125c69348b02a4664a0f6e96a/Artboard-12c.jpg"> Hunters PointZoning Map 8d <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/426e045f125f87049254eab105601668f83ebc9302b71ea26919769d2ecb4cc5/Artboard-8d.jpg"> Prospect ParkZoning Map 16d <img src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/750/i/e55faeff97d76b628bce3a36b2347d1e1f738eddd8452d7298d7cd390d26fc34/Artboard-16d.jpg"> Guided Listening Tour of the RepositoryMaterialsMaterial Mix Moving from a natural environment to the city and back again, this guide highlights six different materials and material configurations: organic mass, glass curtain wall assembly, Concrete, stone veneer, metal rainscreen, and tree bark. Glass/Curtain Wall Stone/Stone Veneer NeighbourhoodsCarroll Gardens / Cobble Hill Financial District Hunters Point Zoning and Special DistrictsZoning Mix A guide featuring discreet zoning districts from high to low density: C6-9, C5-5, R10, R6B, Park Historic Districts/Brownstones A guide to compare blocks of similar density, width, and level of organic material. The first recording is at 328 President street in the R6B Carroll Gardens Historic District. The second recording is at 30 2nd Pl in a R6B district. Parks Recordings were taken in Prospect Park and Gantry Plaza State Park. RepositoryCarroll Gardens/ Cobble Hill406 Degraw St Neighbourhood - Cobble HillZoning - R6B,Street Width - 60 ftBuilding Height - 3 StoriesBuilding Material - Brick, Painted Brick, BrownstoneOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - MediumPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - High&nbsp; 328 President St Neighbourhood - Carroll GardensZoning - R6B, Carroll Gardens Historic DistrictStreet Width - 60 ftBuilding Height - 3 StoriesBuilding Material - Brownstone, Brick, Painted Brick&nbsp;Organic Material - MediumCar Traffic - LowPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - High&nbsp; 216 Kane St Neighbourhood - Cobble HillZoning - R6, Cobble Hill Historic DistrictStreet Width - 60 ftBuilding Height - 3 StoriesBuilding Material - Brownstone&nbsp;Organic Material - LowCar Traffic - MediumPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - High&nbsp; 215 Sackett St Neighbourhood - Carroll GardensZoning - R6BStreet Width - 60 ftBuilding Height - 4 StoriesBuilding Material - Brick, Painted BrickOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - MediumPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - High 30 2nd Pl Neighbourhood - Carroll GardensZoning - R6BStreet Width - 117 ftBuilding Height - 3 StoriesBuilding Material - Brownstone Organic Material - LowCar Traffic - LowPedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - High Financial District23 Bridge St Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C5-5, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 35 ftBuilding Height - 21 StoriesBuilding Material - Metal Panel, Glass, Stone, Stone VeneerOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - LowPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - Low 23 Bridge St Material Detail Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C5-5, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 35 ftBuilding Height - 21 StoriesBuilding Material - Metal Panel, Glass, Stone, Stone VeneerOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - LowPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - Low 38 Cedar St Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C5-5, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 35 ftBuilding Height - 21 StoriesBuilding Material - Stone, Stone VeneerOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - LowPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - Low 38 Cedar St Material Detail Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C5-5, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 35 ftBuilding Height - 21 StoriesBuilding Material - Stone, Stone VeneerOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - LowPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - Low 97 Washington St Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C6-9, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 50 ftBuilding Height - 38 StoriesBuilding Material - Stone, Stone VeneerOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - MediumPedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - Low 97 Washington St Material Detail Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C6-9, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 50 ftBuilding Height - 38 StoriesBuilding Material - Stone, Stone VeneerOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - MediumPedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - Low 99 Maiden Ln Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C5-5, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 50 ftBuilding Height - 28 StoriesBuilding Material - Glass, Stone, Stone VeneerOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - MediumPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - Low 99 Maiden Ln Material Detail Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C5-5, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 50 ftBuilding Height - 28 StoriesBuilding Material - Glass, Stone, Stone VeneerOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - MediumPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - Medium 111 Front St Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C6-9, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 50 ftBuilding Height - 24 StoriesBuilding Material - Glass, Concrete, StoneOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - LowPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - Medium 111 Front St Material Detail Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C6-9, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 50 ftBuilding Height - 24 StoriesBuilding Material - Glass, Concrete, StoneOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - LowPedestrian Traffic - LowParked Cars - Medium 217 Pearl St Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C5-5, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 50 ftBuilding Height - 39 StoriesBuilding Material - GlassOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - LightPedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - Medium 217 Pearl St Material Detail Neighbourhood - Financial DistrictZoning - C5-5, Special Lower Manhattan DistrictStreet Width - 50 ftBuilding Height - 39 StoriesBuilding Material - GlassOrganic Material - LowCar Traffic - LightPedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - Medium Washington Square41 5th Ave @ East 11th St Neighbourhood - Greenwich VillageZoning - R10Street Width - 60 ftBuilding Height - 15 StoriesBuilding Material - Brick, Stone Organic Material - LowCar Traffic - MediumPedestrian Traffic - LightParked Cars - High 41 5th Ave @ East 11th St Material Detail Neighbourhood - Greenwich VillageZoning - R10Street Width - 60 ftBuilding Height - 15 StoriesBuilding Material - Brick, Stone Organic Material - LowCar Traffic - MediumPedestrian Traffic - LightParked Cars - High 20 5th Ave Neighbourhood - Greenwich VillageZoning - R10Street Width - 100 ftBuilding Height - 17 StoriesBuilding Material - Brick, Concrete Organic Material - LowCar Traffic - HighPedestrian Traffic - HighParked Cars - High 20 5th Ave Material Detail Neighbourhood - Greenwich VillageZoning - R10Street Width - 100 ftBuilding Height - 17 StoriesBuilding Material - Brick, Concrete Organic Material - LowCar Traffic - HighPedestrian Traffic - HighParked Cars - High Hunters Point1-50 50th Ave @ 2nd St Neighbourhood - Hunters PointZoning - R10, Special Southern Hunters Point DistrictStreet Width - 75 ftBuilding Height - 37 StoriesBuilding Material - Glass, Metal Organic Material - LowCar Traffic - LightPedestrian Traffic - LightParked Cars - Medium 1-50 50th Ave @ 2nd St Material Detail Neighbourhood - Hunters PointZoning - R10, Special Southern Hunters Point DistrictStreet Width - 75 ftBuilding Height - 37 StoriesBuilding Material - Glass, Metal Organic Material - LowCar Traffic - LightPedestrian Traffic - LightParked Cars - Medium 1-50 51st Ave @ Borden Ave and Center Blvd Neighbourhood - Hunters PointZoning - R10, Special Southern Hunters Point DistrictStreet Width - 92 ftBuilding Height - 5 StoriesBuilding Material - Brick Veneer, Metal, Glass Organic Material - LowCar Traffic - MediumPedestrian Traffic - LightParked Cars - Light Gantry Plaza State Park Neighbourhood - Hunters PointZoning - Park Street Width - N/ABuilding Height - N/ABuilding Material - N/AOrganic Material - MediumCar Traffic - LightPedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - N/A Hunters Point South Ferry Terminal Neighbourhood - Hunters PointZoning - Park Street Width - N/ABuilding Height - N/ABuilding Material - MetalOrganic Material - MediumCar Traffic - LightPedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - N/A Prospect ParkProspect Park Hill 01 Neighbourhood - Prospect ParkZoning - ParkStreet Width - N/ABuilding Height - N/ABuilding Material - N/AOrganic Material - HighCar Traffic - N/APedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - N/A Prospect Park Hill 02 Neighbourhood - Prospect ParkZoning - ParkStreet Width - N/ABuilding Height - N/ABuilding Material - N/AOrganic Material - HighCar Traffic - N/APedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - N/A Prospect Park Hill 03 Neighbourhood - Prospect ParkZoning - ParkStreet Width - N/ABuilding Height - N/ABuilding Material - N/AOrganic Material - HighCar Traffic - N/APedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - N/A Prospect Park Hill 04 Neighbourhood - Prospect ParkZoning - ParkStreet Width - N/ABuilding Height - N/ABuilding Material - N/AOrganic Material - HighCar Traffic - N/APedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - N/A Prospect Park Lake 01 Neighbourhood - Prospect ParkZoning - ParkStreet Width - N/ABuilding Height - N/ABuilding Material - N/A Organic Material - HighCar Traffic - N/APedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - N/A Prospect Park Lake 02 Neighbourhood - Prospect ParkZoning - ParkStreet Width - N/ABuilding Height - N/ABuilding Material - N/A Organic Material - HighCar Traffic - N/APedestrian Traffic - MediumParked Cars - N/A References Works Cited Kang, Jian. Urban Sound Environment. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis, 2007. Novak, David, and Matt Sakakeeny. Keywords in Sound. Durham: Duke University Press, 2015. Oliveros, Pauline. Deep Listening: A Composer's Sound Practice. IUniverse, 2005, https://monoskop.org/images/2/2c/Oliveros_Pauline_Deep_Listening_A_Composers_Sound_Practice_2005.pdf. Thomas, Pieter, et al. "Reverberation-Based Urban Street Sound Level Prediction." The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 133, no. 6, 2013, pp. 3929–3939., https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4802641. Schafer, Raymond Murray. The Soundscape Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World. Rochester: Destiny Books, 1994. Schulze, Holger. The Sonic Persona: An Anthropology of Sound. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. Slagwerk Den Haag, Michael Gordon. Timber. MP3. Den Haag, Netherlands, 2009. Truax, Barry. Handbook for Acoustic Ecology. Simon Fraser University, and ARC Publications, 1999. http://www.sfu.ca/sonic-studio-webdav/handbook/index.html. Works Referenced Davis, M.J.M., et al. "More than Just a Green Facade: The Sound Absorption Properties of a Vertical Garden with and without Plants." Building and Environment, vol. 116, 2017, pp. 64–72., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.01.010. Fahmy, Ziad. Street Sounds: Listening to Everyday Life in Modern Egypt. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2020. Guthrie, Annie. "Tune in: Soundscapes of New York." Urban Omnibus, 31 Oct. 2017, https://urbanomnibus.net/2015/05/tune-in-soundscapes-of-new-york/. Mansell, James G. "New Histories of the Urban Soundscape." Journal of Urban History, vol. 44, no. 2, 2017, pp. 341–348., https://doi.org/10.1177/0096144217705648. "Noise." Noise - NYC Health, https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/noise.page. Pinch, Trevor J., and Karin Bijsterveld. The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Schwartz, Hillel. Making Noise: From Babel to the Big Bang &amp; Beyond. New York: Zone Books, 2011. Wellington, Ben. "Mapping New York's Noisiest Neighborhoods." The New Yorker, 17 Jan. 2015, https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/mapping-new-york-noise-complaints. Wissmann, Torsten. Geographies of Urban Sound. Burlington: Ashgate, 2014. https://jrwaine.com/Tirana-1 Wed, 12 Mar 2025 16:05:31 +0000 Portfolio - Jack Ryan Waine https://jrwaine.com/Tirana-1 GIS: Tirana, AlbaniaUrban Morphology2021Tirana, Albania has undergone significant urban change in the past 15 years. Since 2015, however, there has been an increase in building activity. New roads are being built, the Lana River rerouted, and larger buildings are starting to dominate the landscape. In 2015 Stefano Boeri Architetti won a competition to redesign the city with a project Tirana 2030. The project looks into the ways the city has changed since the project was implemented. Using Sentinel-2 satellite false-color infrared imagery buildings and developments are classified to find the changes in the urban fabric. Using this data, the project looks at urban growth, building typologies and patterns, infrastructure improvements, demolition along the Lana River, and resettlement of Roma near the Sharra landfill. View the full presentation and methodology paper below. <img width="3000" height="1688" width_o="3000" height_o="1688" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/477a6bf8bdf3321e7d6a9516681253418dac4730497b53abef50928ea164c3d8/GIS_FINAL_Page_06.jpg" data-mid="228109360" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/477a6bf8bdf3321e7d6a9516681253418dac4730497b53abef50928ea164c3d8/GIS_FINAL_Page_06.jpg" /> Intro The project looks at the different ways Tirana, Albania has undergone significant urban change. Under Edi Rama, the current Prime Minister of Albania and former Mayor of Tirana, the city has undergone several infrastructure modernizations and urban redesign attempts. In 2009, Albania applied for EU membership. Since 2011 and 2015, under various mayors, international design competitions have been held. Most recently, Stefano Boeri Architetti won the competition with their Tirana 2030 plan[1]. The project looks at how Stefano Boeri's plan has impacted the urban environment. As a 'modernization' project in a 'developing' city, the carving and rebuilding of the urban fabric mean the displacement and relocation of households. This is especially true for those most vulnerable, especially the Roma population. I will look at three aspects of the city's changing urban fabric, comparing different parameters to understand the impact of the changing landscape. Areas of the city I am analyzing correspond to different areas of development. Tirane Municipality Tirane is essentially the downtown core of Tirana. At the center of Tirane is Skanderbeg Square, designed by 51N4E architects and built-in 2008[2]. In the 1990's Skanderbeg was an informal marketplace, where small permanent kiosks were scattered throughout the area. The kiosks that dotted the square were illegally built[3]. In 2008, Edi Rama, the then-mayor of Tirana, held a competition to redesign the central square. The construction of today's Skanderbeg Square required the demolition of the kiosks and the conversion of the informal market to a more considerable public development, surrounded by government buildings and high-end residential developments. Smaller individual structures clustered together make up most of Tirana's urban fabric. As the city 'modernizes,' so to does the housing typology. Tirane has also been the center of infrastructural improvements, such as river rerouting and new roads. As part of the Tirana 2030 plan, the city's central axis has been reestablished by extending Zogu I Blvd and creating New Boulevard Tirana to the north of the city. The area used to be vacant land around old railroad tracks, and now it is an 80' wide boulevard flanked by new and significant developments. Areas with high-intensity development are easily seen on the Sentinel-2 imagery. At times, like the boulevard, the development takes place on relatively vacant land; at others, it requires destroying parts of the urban fabric. The Lana River The Lana River is a relatively small tributary to the Tirana River, and it runs directly through the downtown core of the city. The river is a central focus of the new urban plan for Tirana. Since 2015 areas west and east of the central Skanderbeg square have undergone substantial development. Once winding through the city, the river has been straightened and is now a continuous linear park. What is the impact of rerouting the river? To the west of downtown, the river has undergone the most development. Many buildings have been demolished, and the river straightened. Many of the smaller structures that fit into the various turns of the river have been destroyed. To the west, the Lana had already been developed into a park. Since 2016, several industrial buildings and vacant lots adjacent to the river have been converted into larger residential complexes. As the city plans to reroute the river in other city areas, how will this impact those living and making a livelihood? The pockets formed by the meandering river were once spaces for junkyards, auto shops, and informal housing. By formalizing the river and increasing development, both jobs and affordable housing are being pushed to the city's fringes. Sharra Landfill Sharra is a new landfill, planned in 2008 and brought online in 2009[4]. Since then, there has been a steady increase in garbage brought to the location every year. Before the formalized landfill, there was a waste dump where many Roma settlements had formed around the site. The Roma collect scrap metal and other valuables as a means of income. The settlements were demolished when the dump was formalized into a municipal landfill. Have the Roma community returned to settle around the landfill? As Sharre, the town near the site is relatively rural, the 10-meter resolution of the Sentinel-2 imagery allows for any development to be identified. Process I collected Sentinel-2 satellite imagery of Tirana. Bands 8, 4, 3, and 2 allowed me to create natural color and false-color infrared images. I merged bands 8, 4 and 3 to create a false-color infrared visualization helping me distinguish planted surfaces from unplanted ones, and to identify buildings in the city. The city consists of houses surrounded by vacant, farm, or overgrown land. This band combination also helped identify areas with recent development as they were typically areas with an excess of unplanted areas. The construction of New Boulevard Tirana and the rerouting of the Lana River are easily visible in the imagery. The district of Dajt, to the west of the downtown core, was not fully covered in the raster imagery. I decided to keep Dajt as the areas around Tiranë that I had imagery for were highly developed compared to the rest of Dajt. Before processing the imagery, to maintain a workable file size, I wanted to clip the imagery to the municipalities I would analyze. At the center of Tirana is the district of Tiranë. To get a better understanding of the morphology of Albania's capital, I decided to clip the rasters to Tiranë and its adjoining districts: Berxulle, Dajt, Farke, Kamez, Kashar, Paskuqan, and Vaqarr. I took a shapefile of the selected districts and dissolved it, giving me the outline of the districts and a shapefile that I used to clip the raster. With the rasters clipped, I ran a classification using dzetsaka's k-nearest neighbor. Three classification levels were used, high-level development, low-level development, and land. High development or high density allows new construction and changes in building typology to be identified between the two years. In order to find the areas that had changed between 2016 and 2019, I flattened each classification into binary results (land and development) using reclassify by table. I then ran the raster calculator subtracting 2019 from 2016, and it gave me the output of -1 = areas that have become land, 0 = areas that have not changed, and 1 = areas moving from land to development. I polygonized the results and dissolved by field, giving me three separate polygons. Then, I calculated the area in km2 using the field calculator and created a column "area_km" using the formula $area*0.000001, as the original units were in m2. With city-wide growth rates, I intersected the results with each district. From this, I could calculate the growth rate on a smaller scale. To look at specific growth, I intersected the original polygonized raster with the shapefile for Tiranë. To find larger areas of growth, I searched by expression for clusters of newly built areas larger than 3000 m2 (if "area" &lt; 3000, "DN" 0, "DN" -1). 3000 m2 is about the size of a large building, an infrequent typology beyond the city's center. I then dissolved by field to isolate all larger clusters of cells. A question that kept coming to my mind was, how can I find the areas where new buildings replaced old buildings. Again, I wanted to look in the city center where most high development occurred. I went back to the original classifications with three separate classes. The steps to do that were as follows: Reclassify 2016 to land and development, keep 2019 with three classes.Perform the raster calculation "2019 raster – 2016 reclassified raster", identifying areas where high development occurred over existing buildings.Reclassify the new raster to the binary: land and rebuilt (high development over existing buildings)Reclassify the original 2016 raster to the binary: land and high development, isolating any previously existing high development, resulting in a 0 if a high development area from 2016 is also identified in 2019.Perform the raster calculation "land/rebuilt – 2016 high dev".Using these calculations, I produced a raster that identified three classifications, land, demolished area, and increase in density. I then turned to the Lana River, the site for increased development and urban change. Knowing that turning the river into an urban linear park has meant demolishing many buildings. To answer the question, "how likely is it for a building along the Lana to be demolished?" I took the shapefile for the river from OpenStreetMap, created a buffer of 50 m on either side (100 m wide area total) that ran down the length of the river. From there, I intersected polygonized reclassified raster data (0 = demolished, 1 = other) with the buffer area. I was then able to retrieve the total area and demolished area. I used this percentage and compared it with the city-wide percentage calculated from the polygonized reclassified raster data. To look at the change in the built environment around Sharra Landfill, I intersected the original polygonized layer of -1 = areas that have become land, 0 = areas that have not changed, and 1 = areas moving from land to development, with the outline of the Vaqarr District. I then placed the outline of the landfill from OpenStreetMaps and applied a 500 m buffer around the outside. I intersected the buffer with the polygonized raster and then used 'difference' to remove the landfill area. In order to look for small settlements &lt; 30 m I searched by expression (if “area” &lt; 30, “DN” 0, “DN” -1). I then dissolved by DN to get the binary of 0 = developed areas under 30 m, and -1 = all other areas. From this, I could compare the percent of area developed between 2016 and 2019 that could be informal or illegal. By looking at the spatial pattern of the nodes, a lack of planning logic can indicate informal housing. I decided to overlay the findings of Sharra Landfill with the ESRI Satellite Imagery to virtually 'ground truth' my findings.&nbsp; Conclusion The imagery resolution allowed me to perform a relatively accurate classification; however, the difference in imagery between 2016 and 2019 proved difficult. By 'ground truthing' using Google Earth, I found that, in a high number of cases, the change was an inaccuracy from the classification and did not exist. Besides classification concerns, significant scale changes in the urban fabric, such as the rerouting of the Lana River, are highly evident; their impact on the change of the built environment is quantifiable through classification. Though there were inaccuracies, I thought that the resulting calculations still provided relevant insight and visual clues into the changing urban landscape of Tirana. Works Cited Stefano Boeri Architetti. "tirana 2030: general local plan by stefano boeri has been approved." 04 Jan 2017. Designboom. &lt;https://www.designboom.com/architecture/tirana-2030-stefano-boeri-approved-01-04- 2017/&gt;. 51N4E. Skanderbeg Square.&lt;https://www.51n4e.com/project/skanderbeg-square-0#&gt;. Pojani, Dorina. "Urban design, ideology, and power: use of the central square in Tirana during one century of political transformations." Planning Perspectives 30.1 (2014): 67-94. Alcani, Majlinda, et al. “SOME ISSUES OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ALBANIA AND ESPECIALLY IN TIRANA CITY.” International Journal of Science Technology &amp; Management, vol. 04, no. 01, Feb. 2015, pp. 445–457. Data Sources Raster Data: Sentinel-2, Esa Albania/Tirana Borders: Humanitarian Data Exchange, Tirana Open Data Europe Shapefile: Natural Earth Data Roads, Rivers and Boundaries: OpenStreetMap Satellite Imagery: Esri Satellite